Filozof

Emile Benveniste

Biyografi

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Enunciation

The transformation of the language system (langue) into a concrete act of discourse/expression; the performative dimension encompassing the questions 'who is speaking, to whom, where, when, and why?'.

Language System – Speech – Language

The reconsideration of Saussure’s distinction through the broader dimensions of langage (language as a human phenomenon) and enunciation alongside langue/parole.

Semiotic – Semantic

The theoretical distinction between the systematic sign structure of language (sémiotique) and the semantic domain (sémantique) in which enunciation and meaning-making occur.

Speaking Subject

The subject positioned as 'I' in language and performing the act of enunciation.

Subjectivity

The capacity of the speaker to present itself as 'I' within enunciation; the condition of subject formation in language.

Intersubjectivity

The fact that the 'I' can only be constituted through addressing a 'you,' that is, always in relation to another; subjectivity is fundamentally relational.

Linguistic Person

The treatment of categories such as 'I/you/he' as structures that constitute the subject and the addressee within language.

Formal Apparatus of Enunciation

The set of linguistic forms, such as deixis and personal pronouns, that encode the time, place, and participants of discourse.

Deixis

Sign forms that establish a connection from within discourse to the speech situation (time, place, participants).

Discourse vs. Narrative

The distinction between discourse (discours), tied to the speaker’s present position, and narrative modality (récit/histoire), distanced from the subject and the 'now.' Discours is linked to enunciation through markers such as 'I/you, here, now,' whereas récit is characterized by the third person, past tense, and 'there, then.' This distinction is a fundamental theoretical tool for differentiating subjective forms of expression from seemingly neutral narrative forms.

Signification

The function of meaning constituted through enunciation and its relation to the world, distinct from the semiotic level.

Language and Society

The conception of language and social structures as mutually conditioning and partially identical planes.

Theory of verbal Person

The theory explaining how the subject is constituted in language through the categories of 'I' and 'you,' and the foundational role of personhood for subjectivity.

Dialogic Discourse

The conception of every utterance as a dialogical relation between speaker and listener (or writer and reader), despite separation in time and space.

Subjectivity of Language

The understanding of language as a subjective structure that always carries the speaker’s perspective, emotions, and position in its use.

Man in Language

A framework that grounds Benveniste’s linguistics in an anthropocentric foundation and foregrounds the idea that the human being is constituted through language.

Enunciation and Subjectivity Theory

A general theoretical framework that approaches language through the processes of enunciation that constitute the subject and through the subjectivity/intersubjectivity emerging in these processes.

Deixis and Extra-Discursive Reference

The function of deictic forms in establishing reference from within discourse to extra-discursive time, space, and objects.

Enunziator/Enunziat

The distinction between the subject positioned as speaker within enunciation and the other subject to whom the enunciation is addressed.

Distributed Enunciation

The understanding of enunciation not as the achievement of a single great theorist but as a dialogical invention distributed across a shared theoretical field involving Jakobson, Lacan, Malinowski, Dubois, Foucault, and others.